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GIL

Global Interpreter Lock — CPython's mutex that lets only one thread run Python bytecode at a time. Threads still help for I/O; for CPU, use processes.

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Related — Async & concurrency

async defDeclares a coroutine. Can be awaited; runs cooperatively on an event loop.awaitPauses a coroutine until another coroutine/Future finishes. Only legal inside `aEvent loopScheduler that drives async code — runs ready coroutines, parks blocked ones. `aasyncio.gatherRun multiple coroutines concurrently and wait for all of them. The bread-and-but